La désertification en Algérie

La désertification et l'érosion menacent plusieurs millions d'hectares en Algérie. Ainsi, et selon les résultats de la Carte de sensibilité à la désertification (CSD), rendus publics dimanche à Alger , la désertification menace 27,4 millions d'ha en Algérie, alors que 13 millions autres ha sont exposés au phénomène de l'érosion hydrique au niveau des bassins versants. Rappelons, dans ce contexte que cette carte, qui a été élaborée par l'Agence spatiale algérienne (ASAL), en partenariat avec la Direction générale des forêts (DGF), concerne 12 wilayas steppiques. Une carte similaire, élaborée en 1996, a concerné 9 wilayas pour une surface de 20 millions ha menacées par la désertification. Il s'agit de Djelfa, M'Sila, Naâma, El Bayadh, Biskra, Khenchela, Batna, Tébessa et Laghouat. Les trois nouvelles wilayas concernées par ce phénomène sont: Tlemcen, Tiaret et Saïda. Se basant sur des données satellitaires, la CSD classe ces régions en 5 catégories de sensibilité: terres désertifiées, terres sensibles, moyennement sensibles, très sensibles, et peu ou pas sensibles. Quelque 87% de la superficie de l'Algérie représentent le Sahara, constitué de deux grands Ergs (oriental et occidental), des Oasis, des montagnes du Tassili et du Hoggar et des déserts de pierrailles (Regs). Selon les résultats actualisés, la surface "désertifiée et squelettée" est passée de 3,5 à 4,09% entre 1996 et 2009, soit plus de 76.000 ha. Une augmentation des terres moyennement sensibles à la désertification, a été également relevée selon le Directeur général de l'ASAL, M. Azzedine Oussedik qui n'a pas donné de chiffres précis sur cette hausse. Cependant, l'étude révèle une amélioration de la situation de quelque 868.427 ha classés auparavant très sensibles à ce phénomène, et ce, grâce à l'aménagement du territoire engagé au niveau des zones concernées. Outre la désertification, 13 millions autres ha sont menacés par l'érosion hydrique selon les résultats d'une étude effectuée par la DGF et qui a concerné 34 bassins versants sur les 52 existants au niveau national. Pour sa part, le ministre de l'Agriculture et du Développement rural, M. Rachid Benaïssa a considéré que ce phénomène comme "une menace réelle pour notre pays d'autant plus que les experts prévoient une diminution de 10 à 30% de la pluviométrie durant les 20 prochaines années". Il a souligné l'importance de cette carte, en la qualifiant de "primordiale", puisqu'elle intervient à la veille de l'actualisation du programme de lutte contre la désertification pour 2010-2014, auquel l'Etat va consacrer 10 milliards DA par an. Ce programme comprend la protection du barrage vert (360.000 ha) et son extension sur 100.000 ha durant les cinq prochaines années, la protection des nappes alfatières sur 3 millions ha, la protection et la valorisation des terres de parcours sur plus de 32 millions ha. Il s'agit également de la mise en valeur des zones d'épandage et de certains périmètres irrigués pour renforcer l'offre fourragère ainsi que des projets de proximité pour la lutte contre la désertification visant l'amélioration des conditions de vie et de travail des populations. Cette carte "va permettre non seulement de rationaliser l'utilisation des ressources financières, mais également d'orienter les différents programmes qui vont se concrétiser dans le cadre du Renouveau rural", a-t-il dit. Selon le ministre, le secteur agricole va se doter prochainement d'une carte sur les ressources hydriques superficielles et souterraines au niveau des zones menacées par la désertification, le but étant d'orienter la production fourragère pour assurer l'alimentation du cheptel d'une part et endiguer l'avancée du désert. Il a ajouté que prochainement, chaque wilaya aura sa carte de sensibilité à la désertification, une autre sur les bassins versants, l'inventaire de son patrimoine forestier et une carte de ses ressources hydriques. Toutes ces études seront insérées dans le Système national d'aide à la décision (SNAD) qui comprend des éléments d'information sur la vie sociale et économique de toutes les régions du pays. Ces outils vont aider à la réalisation des projets de proximité de développement rural intégré (PPDRI) ainsi que ceux de lutte contre la désertification (PPLCD) dont 465 projets ont démarré en 2009.

12-01-2010
Lemaghreb

Source : http://www.lemaghrebdz.com/lire.php?id=23076

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